So-called renewables put more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than fossil fuels due to the extreme amount of steel, concrete and rare earths required, not just to produce the electricity but to transmit it long distances.

Long Transmission lines are impossible to construct, because electrons going through metal produce heat which is wasted energy. All of the energy in long lines converts into heat and no significant amount gets through as electricity.

How far electricity can go increases with voltage. So 500 thousand volts are used for moderately long lines at about 300 miles; and 2 million volts are used for longer lines.

The amount of loss that can be tolerated is 50% on long lines, which would probably be anything over 100 miles. Shorter lines might allow 20% loss. The greater the problem, the more metal that has to be used trying to get significant electricity through. Twice as many lines would be needed to reduce a 50% loss to a 25% loss.

Usually only 20 thousand volts can go underground. With an extreme amount of insulation, which is hard to manage, it might be 50 thousand volts. That's because current will go through insulation at higher voltages. Most overhead lines are not insulated, because air is a good insulator.

Fossil fuels are moved close to cities to eliminate transmission lines, while renewables are usually far from users; and lines along highways are too demanding to be produced, which is the entire reason why the chargers along highways are not being produced.

There is also no net energy gain with windmills, because they require more energy for construction than they produce due to expensive materials including metals that need to be smelted and concrete poured.

Construction of transmission lines takes the same amount of energy and materials as windmills about every three hundred miles of length, while renewables usually require long transmission lines.

It takes more than a hundred truckloads of concrete under land-based windmills and much more when located on seacoasts. Producing cement requires very high temperatures to drive out carbonates from limestone. That means a lot of energy is required to create cement, which puts carbon dioxide into the atmosphere; and the driven-out carbonates also go into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

Many years ago, real engineers said it takes as much energy to produce a windmill as the windmill produces—meaning zero sum. But it gets worse every year due to larger windmills and ocean contraptions. So now it takes more energy to produce a windmill than the windmill produces. That means more total energy must be produced, largely from fossil fuels, because of fake renewables.

(It's inappropriate to call windmills wind turbines, because turbines are only the rotating part. An aircraft carrier is not called an aircraft turbine. Know-nothings derived the label wind turbine to pretend that they know something.)

The transmission lines required for so-called renewables are even more of a problem than the generating sources but never mentioned by the frauds who promote the cause.

Transmission lines are crowded. They are too expensive to build more; so they were avoided and minimized. But renewable energy would require millions of miles of transmission lines at $3 million per mile. It can't be done. There isn't enough metal on planet Earth to do that.

Contractors will not bid on renewables, if they can't tap into pre-existing lines. Yet know-nothing frauds say maybe 25% increase will be needed. It's 600,000% increase that will be needed.

Electricity puts more carbon dioxide into the air than the use of fossil fuels for energy. That's because 70-90% of the energy in electricity is lost to heat before it is used for a purpose; and another 60-75% is usually lost in being applied to a purpose.

The public isn't being told how much metal transmission lines require. There has been a shortage of transmission lines for decades due to the extreme expense. With the claimed transition to renewables, the length of transmission lines would need to be more than 6,000 times as much. And then stringing electricity along highways for chargers would require multiples of that amount.

There is six times as much energy being used in petroleum as electricity. So multiply six times a thousand.

Even now, contractors for renewable energy can't build their own transmission lines due to the expense. They need to build near previous transmission lines which get overloaded.

When adding up those factors, "renewables" (as windmills or solar) remove energy from net utilities. The loss has to be made up with petroleum sources or nuclear. That's why there are a lot of blackouts; and electricity costs ten times as much as it used to when the maximum possibility is reached at 15% renewables.

No one can get past 15% renewables, because the fluctuations are too rapid and extreme for back-ups and electrical systems will not tolerate more than 15% fluctuations.

Renewable doesn't mean unlimited supply; the easy-to-access locations were used up long ago.

So-called renewable energy is so dilute that huge amounts of expensive technology are required to concentrate it. A large amount of carbon dioxide is emitted in producing that technology, which means the result is obviously not "carbon free."

Electricity is an extremely inefficient and wasteful form of energy. Transmitting it for major purposes is impossible due to the huge amount of metal and space required.

Electricity is linearization of electron motion. Huge amounts of metal are required, because only metals will linearize electrons due to loosely-attached, outer-shell electrons. The metals have heavy nuclei, which means a lot of mass is required for generating and conducting electricity along transmission lines.

Using electricity for transportation is impossible on a significant scale due to extreme inefficiency, which is lied about, in addition to the impossibility of transmitting it at major levels.

• Coal powered electricity, unencumbered by renewables, would cost 5¢ per kilowatt hour.

• At 5% such renewables, the cost is 25¢ pkwh.

• At 15%, it's 50¢ pkwh. That's ten times as much cost at 15% "renewables."

Liars will say anything, such as "on par with coal," because the public lets them get by with it.

Wind energy is extremely week, as in dilute energy. Putting a 5 or 10 million dollar windmill in front of a 15 mile per hour breeze is ridiculous.

To assume wind energy is unlimited is gullibility. The promoters ran out of places to look and are using sea coasts, which are also extremely limited, while the expense is much greater over water.

Why after thirty years of that fraud is there nothing to show for it but blackouts and electricity that costs five or ten times as much? Previous electrical infrastructure never produced blackouts.

Thirty four feet diameter steel is needed for windmills in the ocean. Coke is used to smelt steel. It's a type of coal.

Removing carbon dioxide from the air is nothing but a war against the lower classes. (Politicians and lawyers are incapable of evaluating the complexities of science. They are dependent upon the rest of society to determine what realities are. That's why President Johnson once said, you convinced me; now go out and make me do it. But journalists are supposed to be responsible for truth; and they put know-nothings in control of fraud on fake science and technology.)

There is not enough metal on planet Earth to convert ten percent of the energy into renewable sources and power electric vehicles.

Electricity is the most wasteful form of energy. Only a small percent of source energy gets converted to a purpose with electricity. Then "renewable" sources are so dilute that huge amounts of material are required for salvaging the energy.

The result is that the waste of materials, environmental damage, expense and annoyance are already beyond tolerability before the project is significantly started, while a railroad job caused the public to assume the opposite, which is fraud destroying resources, environments and economies. (Electric Motor Fraud)

Germany built offshore windmills and could not construct the lines needed to send the energy where it was needed in southern Germany due to the environmental damage and intolerability.

The Numbers Problem

About 70-90% of electricity is lost to heat at this time. With the long lines required for renewables, the loss would be much worse.

Long transmission lines have 50% loss built in; short lines, 20%. Wires produce heat as lost energy. Twice as long means twice as much heat loss. To reduce 50% loss to 25% loss would require twice as many lines. To reduce the expensive metal and environmental damage caused by transmission lines, long lines are allowed to lose 50% of their energy to heat.

High voltage transformers would typically lose 10% of their electricity due to heat. At household end-points, transformers would typically lose 30-50% to heat. So long lines salvage 50% x 90% x 70% = 32% salvaged (68% loss).

That's after the electricity is produced. Generators such as natural gas can never get more than 40% efficiency; and large windmills lose more energy than they gain. Solar needs a backup system during nights, which wastes more energy than solar produces.

With 70% of electrical energy being lost to heat and 60% lost in generating from natural gas, only 12% of the original energy gets to consumers (30% saved times 40% saved equals 12%).

Electric motors in vehicles can never get more than 40% efficiency idealized but typically get 25% efficiency under operating conditions.

So the salvaged energy for an electric vehicle is the 32% (above) x 25% = 8% salvaged (92% lost to heat.)
 
There is six times as much energy being used as fossil fuels as electricity. That means the amount of electricity would need to increase by a factor of six to replace fossil fuels.

In 2015 the amount of electricity used in the US was 4.14 peta watt hours (PWH). The amount of fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal) used was 24.8 PWH. Dividing shows a ratio of 6.0. This means that replacing fossil fuels with electricity would superficially require an increase in electrical infrastructure by a factor of 6.

But the problem is much worse. Transmission lines would need to be increased by about a factor of 1,000, because renewables would be scattered in remote locations, which would require an average length of about 1,000 miles, where present generators are located near cities, where the line length would be about one mile to a substation. So line lengths would be increased by a factor of 6,000. (1,000 times as much length for the same purposes when renewables are the source and 6 times as much electricity.)

With half of the energy being lost in long lines, there would need to be twice as much energy at the source.

That would be the case if electricity could actually be produced by renewables; but renewables don't actually produce energy; they require more energy for the steel, concrete and backups than they produce.

Journalists have been saying such things as, there will need to be a 25% increase in transmission lines for electric vehicles. Could anyone miss the number that far without ulterior motives? They know no one would want to increase the lines by 50%; so they said 25%.

The factor of increase by thousands described here only pertains to getting electricity to the cities. With electric vehicles, the electricity also needs to be scattered along highways. A line needs to go to each charging point, sort of where gas stations presently exist. That means factors of thousands more for transmission lines.

High voltage transmission lines cannot go under the ground, because the electricity arcs to surrounding materials at high voltages.

Transmission lines are 2 million volts in the U.S. because of the long distance for moving large amounts of energy. The wires must hang from 3 foot long insulators or longer, because 2 million volts will arc from surface to surface. To use half as many volts (one million) would require twice as many lines, since that is half as much energy. Watts of energy equal volts times amps.

For this reason, the resulting hardware cannot go underground. It has to clutter the environment.

Only about 3% of U.S. electricity is from renewables as solar and wind power, while the low hanging fruit is already gone. Off-shore is not a drop in the bucket, yet it is the latest desperate project. A recent project is producing windmills in Montana and sending the electricity to Las Vegas and Los Angeles with transmission lines 700 and 1,000 miles long. Lines cost more than the sources when about 300 miles long.

Rate payers are being scammed for wanton construction projects which destroy the environment and resources on a massive scale and increase the cost of electricity by 3-10 times as much. The greens do nothing to mitigate the increased cost for the elderly or needy, which shows that green is fraud. Greens are farther right than Attila the Hun in their attempts to impose fraud onto society.