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The Scientific Basis For Opposing Global Warming Claims
 

Incompetents in science imagined global warming and contrived unreal science to get there. The science is total fakery lacking evidence, explanations or description of methodology which could be verified.

Five hundred years of evolved scientific knowledge can be applied to the subject of global warming and it shows the absurdity of so-called greenhouse gases heating the atmosphere. Heat cannot be trapped in the atmosphere, because it radiates away rapidly. All matter radiates energy constantly based upon its temperature.
 
Nonscientists focus on extreme weather often saying they can look out the window and see the effects of humans causing global warming. Weather is always extreme. The drought in California is not caused by greenhouse gases, as such an effect could not cause a high pressure to park over an area while flooding occurs elsewhere. Arctic ice was melting more than a century ago, as Amundsen attempted the chart a "Northwest Passage" in 1903 to 1906, until the ice froze back over. The "iceman" was covered with ice in the Alps 5,300 years ago. Ice was gone then, built back up and thawed again in 1991. Ice comes and goes on mountains with no explainable causes.

Greenhouse gases do not exist, because a small amount of something cannot heat a large amount of something without extreme differences in temperature. The atmosphere cannot have extreme differences in temperature within it, because the heat dissipates through radiation and conduction.

Since carbon dioxide is only 400 parts per million in the atmosphere, there are 2,500 air molecules surrounding each CO2 molecule. This means the addition of heat by CO2 is diluted by a factor of 2,500.

Heat has a quantity to it, because it is a form of energy and energy cannot be created or destroyed, though it can be transformed into other forms of energy. The amount of heat in matter is determined by the amount of mass and its temperature. Then to get the exact amount of heat an adjustment is used called heat capacity or specific heat.

An example would be a gram of water at a temperature of 5°C (warmer than the starting point). The heat capacity for water is one degree centigrade per gram, which is a calorie of heat. So warming a gram of water five degrees centigrade requires five calories of heat and that amount of energy always exists someplace, as it dissipate into the environment or is transformed into a different form of energy such as radiation. (Now days, a calorie is called 4.2 joules.)

If a molecule of carbon dioxide heats the surrounding atmosphere one degree centigrade, a definable number of joules of heat are needed to do so. Since there are 2,500 times as many grams of air as grams of carbon dioxide, each gram of carbon dioxide must acquire 2,500 times as much heat as the surrounding air that it heats.

A molecule of carbon dioxide must be 2,500°C to heat the atmosphere an average of 1°C—an impossibility. The erroneous assumption seems to be that the CO2 can just keep heating and heating until it gets there. That doesn't happen. The more something heats, the more radiation it emits causing the heat to dissipate.

The Stefan-Boltzmann constant is used to calculate the amount of radiation emitted by matter at any temperature. The radiation which all matter emits based on its temperature is called black body radiation. The radiation absorbed by carbon dioxide is called fingerprint radiation and it is 8% of the earth's black body emission. The difference is that black body radiation is caused by whole molecules vibrating, while absorption of finger print radiation is caused by bonds within the molecule stretching.

So carbon dioxide absorbs fingerprint radiation and emits black body radiation. What is absorbed is about 8% of the bandwidth of what is being emitted. Emission is stronger than absorption for CO2 under such conditions.

It means carbon dioxide in the atmosphere emits radiation about ten times as readily as it absorbs it. A single wave of radiation is emitted in 83 femto seconds at an average wavelength of 25 microns. A single wave of fingerprint radiation is absorbed in 50 femto seconds at 15 microns wavelength but at one tenth as much strength.

While the radiation is being emitted, the CO2 molecule will be bumping into nearby air molecules. Each bump will transfer half of the increased energy to the air, while one half is radiated away. In this way, absorbed energy will spread to nearby molecules while being radiated away.

If a fraction of the energy absorbed by carbon dioxide is spread to five nearby air molecules, they will be slightly heated and will be radiating away the increased energy. Five molecules radiating with one absorbing gets rid of added energy quite thoroughly, while the other 2495 air molecules surrounding each CO2 molecule are not significantly affected.

Why then do some scientists claim heating is occurring? Because they do not even look at these factors. They look at an absorption spectrum for the atmosphere and see a dip for carbon dioxide showing some absorption. They then make a leap in their minds from absorption to heating. They say absorption means heating.

Of course, climatologists do some calculating but it is roundabout rationalizing which is not published in a manner than can be evaluated. They use so-called radiative transfer equations to determine energy flows through sections of the atmosphere, which requires the world's largest computers and cannot be reproduced by critics.

Supposedly, radiative transfer equations show 3.7 watts per square meter radiation less leaving the atmosphere than entering upon doubling CO2. There is no such thing as less leaving than entering the atmosphere, because the dynamics equilibrate over a short amount of time. The amounts must always be equal due to equilibrium.

There are no square meters in the atmosphere, but climatologists needed that expression to get temperature by reversing the Stefan-Boltzmann constant to convert 3.7 W/m² into 1°C. Reversing the Stefan-Boltzmann constant is not valid, because it applies to radiation emitted from a solid surface, not from a three dimensional atmosphere. It means climatologists started at the desired endpoint of 1°C and rationalized a method of getting there.

 

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