Global warming science is fakery. There is no such thing as trapping heat in the atmosphere. Absorbed radiation is re-emitted in 83 femto seconds.

A transparent gas emits radiation much more readily than the surface of an opaque solid—the earth. So the atmosphere is a heat sink, which means air removes heat from the surface, as wind blows over the surface, and rapidly radiates the energy into space. That's why night air cools rapidly, even in deserts.

There is no real science to global warming claims. Climate is too random and complex for the tools of science.

The Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change is not a valid method of determining science. It is controlled by politicians with motives for predetermined results.

Climatologists have nothing but modeling. Modeling is nothing resembling science. It is adjusted to get any desired result.

Weather is still not climate. Both hot and cold, wet and dry are not possible. CO2 is uniformly distributed. It cannot produce opposite effects.

Two degrees centigrade would be a joke if it were occurring. Move 180 miles north or south to get 2°C difference. People used to go south to get to warmer climate.

Droughts are caused by high pressure air masses which stay parked in one place. CO2 cannot influence high pressure masses.

There is only one CO2 molecule in 2,500 air molecules at 400 parts per million. A small amount of something cannot heat a large amount of something.

Details

Incompetents in science contrived greenhouse gases using publications lacking evidence, explanations or description of methodology which could be verified.

The origin of the error is in the assumption that absorption of fingerprint radiation by carbon dioxide in the atmosphere does something different than usual. That assumption is an extreme amount of scientific stupidity.

All matter absorbs and emits radiation continuously. Fingerprint radiation is no different from normal infrared radiation (called black body radiation) in its energy transfers. All organic molecules absorb fingerprint radiation which is used to identify the molecules.

Missing the fact that radiation is continuously emitted from every molecule in the atmosphere caused incompetents to assume the energy was being trapped resulting in the label "heat trapping gas" for carbon dioxide.

The assumption of global warming caused by carbon dioxide began in 1824 and slightly snowballed among incompetent scientists ever since. Knowledgeable scientists instantly see the absurdity, as a small amount of something can never heat a large amount of something without extreme differences in temperature, which is impossible in the atmosphere. Around 1900, the concept of saturation was noticed, which means CO2 in the air absorbs all radiation available to it in a short distance, so more CO2 cannot absorb more radiation.

The concept of global warming brewed under the surface until the 1970s when major studies claimed to show that 3°C temperature increase would occur in the near-surface atmosphere upon doubling the amount of CO2 in the air. Those studies used vague modeling which did not include enough information for verification.

During the 1980s, similar modeling produced the same 3°C, but the result was broken into two components: a primary effect and secondary effects, often called feedback. The primary effect was based upon a historical temperature increase of 0.6°C with a CO2 increase of 100 parts per million in the atmosphere (the equivalent of 1°C upon doubling CO2). Then modeling was used to predict a secondary effect of an additional 2°C due to increased water vapor in the air. Not noticed was that the historical record would have included secondary effects.

In 1998, the primary effect was calculate using "radiative transfer equations" with modeling which required the world's largest computers and again prevented verification of the results. The result was the same 1°C primary effect stating that earlier results were only off by 15%. The result was translated into an equation for an exponential curve which could be used as a fudge factor for calculating watts per square meter (W/m²) of heat produced in the atmosphere. There are no square meters in the atmosphere, but climatologists needed that expression to get temperature by reversing the Stefan-Boltzmann constant to convert 3.7 W/m² into 1°C. Reversing the Stefan-Boltzmann constant is not valid, because it applies to radiation emitted from a solid surface, not a three dimensional atmosphere. It means climatologists started at the desired endpoint of 1°C and faked a method of getting there.

No Mechanism Is Explained

No mechanism can be described for a claimed greenhouse effect. Someone once located 25 different descriptions all in conflict with each other. One of the claims for a mechanism is that the absorption spectrum for the atmosphere shows a trough for carbon dioxide showing that it absorbs radiation, which means the greenhouse effect exists—end of argument. The rest of the subject includes the fact that the energy is emitted as fast as it is absorbed. A jar of pickles absorbs radiation, but it doesn't heat the kitchen, because it emits as much as it absorbs. Missing the emission is too preposterous for real science. It seems to indicate that the only concern is pulling the wool over the eyes of the public rather than evaluating real science.

The public was convinced in exactly that manner. Some scientists have been claiming that nothing can heat the atmosphere but greenhouse gases which created a 33°C temperature increase. Those scientists missed the conduction, convection and evaporation which moves most of the energy from the surface of the earth into the atmosphere. This number, 33°C caused by greenhouse gases, has been at the top of most state and local web sites on global warming, which indicates that it has a very convincing affect upon the public. Even though some scientists recognize the conduction, convection and evaporation and included it in their "energy budget" for planet Earth, they did nothing to correct the misconception the public was acquiring from the 33°C number. There seems to be a division of labor in perpetrating the fraud. To not correct such an obvious error points to a deliberate attempt to mislead the public.

The Real Mechanism

The real mechanism for a so-called greenhouse gas includes emission of radiation, which removes the absorbed energy in femto seconds. (One wave of radiation occurs in 83 femto seconds at an average wavelength of 25 microns.) All matter emits radiation constantly due to the vibration of molecules as heat. This radiation is called black-body radiation. Some molecules absorb two types of radiation: One is black-body radiation, where emission is said to equal absorption, and the Stefan-Boltzmann constant is used to calculate this radiation based on temperature. The Stefan-Boltzmann constant shows 20-50 times too much radiation at normal temperatures, but that error is not relevant to this simple summary.

The second type of absorption by some molecules is called fingerprint radiation, as it shows up in very narrow bands which can be used to identify molecules. Sometimes molecules such as nitrogen and oxygen are so stable that fingerprint radiation is not absorbed at normal wavelengths. The mechanism for fingerprint radiation is that stretching of molecular bonds causes narrow bands of radiation to be absorbed.

A so-called greenhouse gas in the atmosphere absorbs some fingerprint radiation and emits black-body radiation. It doesn't matter which is stronger, though the black-body radiation should be stronger due to the fact that the finger print radiation for carbon dioxide is only 8% of the black-body bandwidth.

The most important fact of this process is that the energy can spread to several molecules for emission, while only one molecule absorbs. Several molecules emitting will disappear the energy of one molecule absorbing quite rapidly and thoroughly. As the molecules bump into each other, they conduct the energy as heat to nearby molecules. All of those molecules are emitting black-body radiation at all times.

At 400 part per million carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, there are 2,500 air molecules surrounding each CO2 molecule. If five air molecules emit all energy absorbed by CO2 as fingerprint radiation, the other 2,495 air molecules are not affected. There cannot be a significant temperature increase in the atmosphere when 2,495 air molecules surrounding each CO2 molecule are unaffected by the process.

Secondary Effects Are An Impossibility

Even if there were a primary effect, the concept of secondary effects is absurd. The claim is that the heat caused by the primary effect will cause more water vapor to enter the atmosphere and produce more global warming. If such an effect existed, every temperature increase would do the same thing. There are no two types of temperature. A lot of temperature increases are far more than 1°C—short term on a daily basis and long term on a seasonal basis.

The concept is theoretically impossible due to hysteresis which would cause an ever-increasing compounded temperature increase. Hysteresis means the output influences the input. What would cause the hysteresis to stop? Running out of water vapor? It comes from the oceans. Saturation of the atmosphere? Humidity is highly variable and so unpredictable that no one can say what an average humidity should be for the earth's atmosphere. Regardless, natural changes in temperature and humidity are so much larger than the effects claimed for greenhouse gases that the natural extremes would be overwhelming and would swamp greenhouse effects, if there were such a thing as the claimed secondary effects.

There is also a technical reason why such secondary effects would not occur due to the fact that water vapor all originates with the oceans, where the temperature of the air in contact with the oceans becomes the same as the surface temperature of the oceans and is therefore independent of minor changes claimed for greenhouse gases. In other words, ocean surface temperatures control humidity in the air, not air temperatures, as shown by an El Nino, where warm ocean surface temperature creates a lot of precipitation in the affected area.

Air Has No Significant Heat Capacity

The atmosphere holds so little heat that the claimed global warming would have no ability to influence the temperature of the oceans or the melting of Arctic ice. If all 0.7°C heating of the atmosphere said to be caused by global warming went into the surface of the oceans to a depth of 100 meters, the ocean surface temperature increase would be 0.025°C, and none of the heating would be left in the air. Ice would be even less influenced. It means global warming does not have the slightest ability to warm the oceans, melt Arctic ice, create hurricanes or cause ocean levels to rise. Whatever is happening, it is not caused by greenhouse gases creating global warming.

The calculations are these:

Ocean Surface = 361 x 10⁶ km²

Depth = 0.1 kilometer = 361 x 10⁵ km³ = 361 x 10¹⁴ m³

Seawater Density = 1025 kg/m³

     x 361 x 10¹⁴ m³ = 3.7 x 10¹⁹ kg

Specific Heat of Seawater = 3850 joules per kg per °C

     x 3.7 x 10¹⁹ kg = 1.4 x 10²³ joules per °C in ocean surface

Mass of Atmosphere = 5.15 x 10¹⁸ kg

Specific Heat of Air = 1,000 joules per kg per °C

     0.7°C x 1,000 x 5.15 x 10¹⁸ kg = 3.6 x 10²¹ joules in air

3.6 x 10²¹ joules in air ÷ 1.4 x 10²³ joules in water per °C = 0.025°C

The Cause Of Ice Ages

Recent ice ages have been cycling at precisely 100 thousand year intervals for the past 10 cycles. The timing is caused by a water clock. When Pacific Ocean water gets warm enough and high enough, it goes over the Bering Strait and melts Arctic ice. If the Arctic Ocean gets warm enough, it causes so much snow to fall in northern areas that it does not melt during the summers. Sunlight reflecting off the snow creates a precipitous cool-down.

The next ice age is due to occur at any time. Arctic ice has been melting erratically for several years. It was melted in 1903-1906, as Amundsen attempted to chart the "Northwest Passage," until it froze back over.

When an ice age creates glaciers over land, the ocean level drops 400 feet and ocean temperatures drop 6°C. After 85 thousand years of ice forming, it melts for 15 thousand years. The oceans warm continually between ice ages, because the sun's radiation enters oceans to a depth of 30 feet and does not escape easily. Only another ice age cools the oceans back down.