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Various Science  10

 
Why "Fossil Fuels" are not Fossil Fuels

 
hydrocarbon
carbohydrate
Hydrocarbon
Carbohydrate

 
The claim that petroleum originates with biological materials is incorrect because of the lower energy state of so-called fossil fuels. The reason why plant fossils are found in coal is because hydrocarbons flowed into the plant material; and then heat drove out the volatiles creating hard coal.

Petroleum is called hydrocarbon because of hydrogen attached to carbon. Hydrogen-carbon bonds are very high in energy. Biological material has oxygen with it, called carbohydrate, which has less chemical energy.

There is no way to increase chemical energy other than radiation. (ATP and similar reactions do not increase energy; they transfers energy with some loss.) Heat and pressure will not increase chemical energy, because they act upon nuclei, while chemical energy is in electrons which spin around nuclei. There is nothing that can be done to nuclei which will increase the relative motion of electrons which spin around them short of a nuclear reaction. (All chemical reactions go down-hill energetically with some energy loss as heat. There is not a one which does not lose energy apart from photochemical reactions.)

     covalent bond

It means so-called fossil fuels did not originate with biological materials, because they were not exposed to light in a way which would increase the chemical energy from carbohydrates to hydrocarbons.

There could be an energy neutral shift through oxidation of some molecules and reduction of carbon. But the oxidized molecules do not exist with fossil fuels. You say they evaporated. They didn't. Some alcohols would not be highly volatile, and the volatile hydrocarbons, such as methane and benzene did not evaporate away.

Also significant is the degree of hydrogenation. Chemical reactions would not have left so much hydrogen on the carbon and no other oddities than hydrogenated carbon. The aromatics in liquid petroleum are interesting but too homogeneous to explain major chemical reactions.

Some crude oil is high in sulfur, while biological materials are extremely low in sulfur. None of the hydrocarbons have significant nitrogen, while all biological materials are high in nitrogen. The mineral proportionalities would have to be similar regardless of volatility of other components.

Where Hydrocarbons Came From

In the formation of Earth, carbon would have come into contact with hydrogen before oxygen resulting in carbon forming hydrocarbons. The more volatile hydrocarbons were oxidized to form water creating the oceans and carbon dioxide. There is no other explanation for the origins of the oceans. Comets are too rare to explain the oceans. Some gaseous oxygen probably came into contact with the hydrocarbons early on resulting in water forming early on, but there would have been perchlorates which provided oxygen later. Perchlorates would have produced oxygen somewhat gradually. The oxygen would have run out before the heavier hydrocarbons were oxidized.

The oceans are only 3% salt, which might indicate that only 3% of the water came from perchlorates. However, there are salt deposits with large amounts of salt, which could also have been derived from perchlorate. It means a large part of the water in the oceans could have originated with oxygen derived from perchlorates, which would have been a more gradual process than gaseous oxygen reacting with hydrocarbons.

Jupiter's largest moon, called Titan, has huge lakes of hydrocarbons, much more than on planet earth. There has never been significant biology on Titan. It shows that hydrocarbons were formed without biological materials. A news item describing Titan's hydrocarbons is here: OilPrice Titan News

Getting Coal Wrong

Coal was not created by heat and pressure acting upon biological material. Heat and pressure are not that magical—increasing the chemical energy and shifting the structures and components so drastically.

The reason why there is so much biological material found with coal is because liquid hydrocarbons flowed into biological material to create the hard structure of hydrocarbons. The result is a combination of biological material and hydrocarbons.

The reason why geologists got coal wrong (and all hydrocarbons wrong) is over-simplification in assuming heat and pressure can increase chemical energy. Nothing but radiation acting upon electrons can increase chemical energy.

But there is a quasi rationalization that indicates the low energy components vaporized away leaving the high energy components. That mechanism is impossible. Heat and pressure can't cause some molecules to acquire lower energy while nearby molecules acquire higher energy. Moving energy from one molecule to another isn't what heat and pressure do. Forces can't increase differentiation causing some molecules to become more oxidized and others more reduced while relocating atoms on molecules.

Hydrocarbons had to be created in a reducing atmosphere during the early formation of planet Earth. Soon afterwards, conditions became more oxidizing preventing hydrocarbons from forming and eliminating many of the volatile hydrocarbons in forming water and carbonates. Perchlorates would have created the increasing oxidizing environment. That process is what made Earth the watery planet.

What Corruption Is TOP     

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Radiative Transfer Equations
 
Invalid Measurements
 
Absorption Without Emission
 
Quotes By Incompetents
 
Other Factors
 
Stefan-Boltzmann Constant
 
Joule's Constant
 
Nuclear Fusion
 
Quantum Mechanics
 
ATP Theory
 
Fossil Fuels
 
Electricity Problem
 
Renewable Energy
 
Electric Vehicles
 
Fake Efficiency
 
Gravity Waves
 
Firing Scientists
 
Correcting Errors
 
Greenhouse Gases Are An Infantile Assumption
 
Renewable Energy Is An Infantile Assumption
 

     

 

 
 
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